Lettuce belongs to the asteraceae family, and is a selffertilizing diploid plant with 2n 2x 18 chromosomes and an estimated 2. Seven hundred and sixtynine fragments from 50 to 900bp in length were ampli. Growth, yield and quality response to nitrogen fertilization in a noncirculating hydroponic system. Lettuce grows readily because all cultivated strains were obtained originally from the prickly lettuce l. Inheritance of resistance to herbicide 300 mgl glufosinate ammonium up to the third t3 seed generation was compared in two populations of transgenic lettuce lactuca sativa l. The institute of food and agricultural sciences ifas is an equal opportunity institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with nondiscrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. Hybridization rates between lettuce lactuca sativa and its. Show all show tabs garden lettuce general information. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and. Wild lettuce commonly refers to the wildgrowing relatives of common garden lettuce. Previous studies have recorded a high prevalence of intestinal parasites in lettuce lactuca sativa l. Recent metabolomic and genomic studies of different rice varieties highlighted that the presence of 2ap was linked to the accumulation of.
Lactuca sativa is further characterized by a yellow corolla, white pappus, involucral bracts erect in fruit, and a flat cypsela body that has 5 to 9nerved faces, the body terminated by an elongate, filiform beak. Genetic transformation and hairy root induction enhance the. Lactuca sativa is a garden species derived from hundreds, perhaps thousands, of years of selection from lactuca serriola l. An experiment was conducted in a lath house at the horticulture farm, luyengo campus of the university of. This cylindricallyhearted lettuce known to the romans as cappadocian lettuce is now called roman lettuce or more commonly, romaine.
Lettuce types include romaine, butter head, iceberg, and loose leaf. Pdf the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of the protected cultivation and open field on growth of lactuca sativa. Tio2 nanoparticle exposure on lettuce lactuca sativa l. Pdf microsatellite retrieval in lettuce lactuca sativa l. Cool season annuals, transition season annuals, or fall planted biennials. Form approved omb no 05810055 according to the paperwork reduction act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a valid. The production of lettuce seed is also an important industry. Vick1 1usdaars, northern crop science laboratory, 7 north 18th street, fargo, nd 58105, usa. Growth and yield by the application of biofertilizers saeed chamangasht 1, mohammad reza ardakani 1, kazem khavazi 2, bohloul abbaszadeh 3 and saeed mafakheri 4 1department of agronomy, karaj branch, islamic azad university, karaj, iran 2soil and water research institute, karaj, iran. Light and electron microscopy reveal that before radicle emergence micropylar cells of endosperm tissue undergo drastic protoplast.
Romaine is the most upright growing of the four major types of lettuce. Genus name comes from the latin word lac meaning milk in obvious reference to the milky plant sap. Lettuce cultivars are classified into horticultural types based on head and leaf shape. Organic fertilizer effect on lettuce lactuca sativa l. With an aphidicidal gene, pta pinellia ternata agglutinin. The enhancement of plant secondary metabolites content in.
Effects of organic fertilizers on growth, yield, quality and. Pdf microsatellite retrieval in lettuce lactuca sativa. Its bestknown representative is the garden lettuce lactuca sativa, with its many varieties. Effect of salinity on the morphological, physiological and. It forms within the genus lactuca a somewhat isolated genetic compatibility group with three wild species that also have nine pairs of chromosomes, l. Blue and green lightinduced phototropism in arabidopsis. An efficient agrobacteriummediated genetic transformation method of lettuce lactuca sativa l. Prevalence of contamination by intestinal parasites in. Microsatellite retrieval in lettuce lactuca sativa l. Sep 15, 2008 the genus lactuca consists of about 100 species, 3 of which lactuca serriola l. The seedlings were subjected to five different concentrations 0 mm, 50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm, and 200 mm of nacl for three weeks. Lettuce lactuca sativa l overview lettuce lactuca sativa l.
Effects of nitrogen source on growth, lactuca sativa l. Hybridization rates between lettuce lactuca sativa and. Germinability and desiccation tolerance are important attributes that seeds acquire during their development. The technical procedures have been agreed by the administrative council. Seeds set by the experimental wild plants were collected and sown 44 352 in 2003 and 252 345 in 2004. Pollination and life history studies of lettuce lactuca sativa l. University herbarium, university of california, 1001 valley life sciences bldg. The inoculation was conducted in dark shadow and then seeds were planted manually. It is thought most likely to have originated from a progenitor similar to l. Since wavelengths longer than 560 nanometers do not induce phototropic bending, it is suggested that the response to. Microsatellite fingerprinting in lettuce lactuca sativa l.
In 20, the world production of lettuce and chicory was 24896 tons 1. Romana were inoculated with two vesiculararbuscular va mycorrhizal fungi. Southern hybridisation with a single microsatellite probe, tct10, sufficed to discriminate between a representative set of cultivarsaccessions of lettuce, lactuca sativa l. Application of the trap technique to lettuce lactuca. Objective description of variety lettuce lactuca sativa l.
A historical survey is made of the distribution of the groups of lactuca cultivars over the world. Keane, in genetic improvement of vegetable crops, 1993. It is in flower from july to september, and the seeds ripen from august to september. Pdf effects of maternal plant invironment on lettuce. Enhances its antiproliferative effects on colorectal. Rosette leaves oblong to obovate or elliptic or ovate, 5. In 2003 and 2004, we estimated the rates of hybridization between l. Lactuca sativa lettuce, garden lettuce pfaf plant database. Examples of this include the iceberg and butterhead lettuces. Occurrence of 2acetyl1pyrroline and its nonvolatile. The record derives from tica data supplied on 20120211 which reports it as an accepted name record b4e03b98ee4e40129ec0828429990e8e with original publication details.
Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. Growth and physiological characteristics of lettuce lactuca sativa. Many cultivars are available on the market with new ones being added each year. Lc, apartado 419, 18080 granada, spain received 31 may 1991. Growth, soil properties, and soil microbial activity and abundance dalilatrupiano,1 claudiacocozza,1 silviabaronti,2 carlaamendola,1 francescoprimovaccari,2 giuseppelustrato,1 saradilonardo,2 francescafantasma,1 robertotognetti,1 andgabriellastefaniascippa1. Natural crosspollination in lettuce, lactuca sativa l. Biofortification of six varieties of lettuce lactuca sativa l. Tissue culture applications in lettuce lactuca sativa l.
Root exudates were collected by placing sorption filters onto the root surface followed by subsequent extraction and gcms profiling of the trapped compounds. Abstract background previous studies have recorded a high prevalence of intestinal parasites in lettuce lactuca sativa l. Development of estssr markers for the study of population. Pdf polyphenolic profiles in lettuce lactuca sativa l. Redl lollo rossa and redin having little red leaves. Tizian was grown as a model plant under controlled environmental conditions in a minirhizotrone system equipped with root observation windows rhizoboxes. A chemical agent with depressant effects was isolated from extracts of the stem of lettuce, lactuca sativa l. Publisher hamlyn year 1975 isbn 0600335453 description. Effects of organic fertilizers on growth, yield, quality. The effects of biochar and its combination with compost on. The results showed that tio 2 nps exposure at 50400 mg l. This study determined the prevalence of contamination by intestinal parasites in these two plants sold in two street markets and two supermarkets in the city of belem. Evidence from egyptian tomb paintings indicates that it was cultivated before 4500 bc. While the variety new york is the only one produced for shipping fresh, almost all of the important varieties are grown for seed.
In the present study, we investigated hybridization under field conditions between crop lettuce lactuca sativa and its wild relative prickly lettuce l. Cabbage lettuce, common lettuce, cos lettuce, curled lettuce, garden lettuce, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, romaine lettuce. Inheritance of resistance to herbicide 300 mg l glufosinate ammonium up to the third t3 seed generation was compared in two populations of transgenic lettuce lactuca sativa l. A rapid and efficient in vitro regeneration system for. However, there is a dearth of information pertaining to organic lettuce production. The genome size has been estimated by flow cytometry to be 2. Other organelles such as nucleus, mitochondria, plastids and dictyosomes are typical of plant cells. The species was first described in 1753 by carl linnaeus in the second volume of his species plantarum. It is in flower from july to august, and the seeds ripen from august to september. The genus includes at least 50 species, distributed worldwide, but mainly in temperate eurasia its bestknown representative is the garden lettuce lactuca sativa, with its many varieties. Jan 17, 2020 previous studies have recorded a high prevalence of intestinal parasites in lettuce lactuca sativa l. This study aimed to explore the changes in morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of lettuce lactuca sativa l.
Irrigation was started after planting and repeated every 45 days during the growing season. Encapsulated bioactive agents applied to the lactuca sativa l. Introduction the lettuce crop is a very important one in california, and the product is shipped in considerable quantity throughout most of the year. Growth, yield and quality response to nitrogen fertilization in a noncirculating hydroponic system article pdf available in journal of plant nutrition 3912.
Appearance of the unexpected triploids in the hybrid progeny between lettuce, lactuca sativa and its wild relatives, l. These seedlings show significant phototropic sensitivity up to 540 to 550 nanometers. Description of morphological characters of lettuce lactuca. Flowering stems erect, slightly angular, medullary, green to yellow to whitish, glabrous, robust, densely leafy, branched in upper half. The genus includes at least 50 species, distributed worldwide, but mainly in temperate eurasia. Pollination and life history studies of lettuce lactuca. This does not form a central heart but produces a loose rosette of basal leaves. Application of the trap technique to lettuce lactuca sativa. This principle has been almost bred out of the cultivated forms of lettuce lactuca sativa, but is still produced when the plant starts to go to seed. Lactuca sativa is a member of the lactuca lettuce genus and the asteraceae sunflower or aster family. To inoculate seeds, 2 g of each biofertilizer was used for 8 g of lettuce seeds lactuca sativa l.
This typical odor is due to the release of 2acetyl1pyrroline 2ap after heating, which is confirmed by volatile analysis. Root exudation and root development of lettuce lactuca. Lettuce is a globally important leafy vegetable with the united states being the largest world producers. This technical protocol applies to all varieties of lactuca sativa l the protocol describes the technical procedures to be followed in order to meet the requirements of council regulation 210094 on community plant variety rights. The focus of modern lettuce breeding objectives is to improve horticultural characteristics such as quality, resistance to early bolting and breeding for resistance to pests and diseases. Genetic transformation agrobacterium rhizogenes lettuce. A comparative high performance liquid chromatography hplc study of 11 lactuca species, based on distributional data of 8 sesquiterpene lactones, revealed that 5 species of the subsection lactuca, that is, lactuca dregeana, l.
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